The characteristic properties of NPs are: the size must be in the rage of 1–100 nm and have great surface-volume relation shape and compositional requirements qualitative and quantitative target-binding activities and the greater toughness ( Kumar et al., 2011 Sharma et al., 2019 Singh et al., 2019). The NPs acquire potential characteristics and features e.g., molecular fluorophores which are efficient to make an ideal source for diagnostic-based applications ( Agarwal et al., 2019 Khadpekar et al., 2019). Moreover, constant efforts have been made to improve their activities and safety profiles for clinical applications. The absence of the stability of toxicological facts prevent the extensive application of these Nano-based pharmaceuticals ( Bierkandt et al., 2018 Azharuddin et al., 2019). The vastly complex, multi-layered and multifactorial connections of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) with biotic systems are of great importance. However, the silver, palladium, gold, and iron nanostructures are widely studied in modern research. This bioengineering modification permitted the development of the drugs that are based on metal architectures framework. There has been progress in the synthesis of Nano-sized materials and the surface engineering on these particles through definite ligands that allow the NPs to be modified to achieve the precise shape, biocompatibility, disparity ( Rai et al., 2016). The NPs' size, optoelectronic properties, and structural morphology has attracted the attention of researchers toward their potential biomedical applications ( Zhang et al., 2019). ![]() The advent ofproduction of large advanced Nano-scaled technology encourages the usage of noble metal-based NPs for diagnosis of diseases, selected drug delivery, biological treatment of cancerous cells, and bio-imaging. Due to the cytotoxicity of Ag/Au/Pd NPs, the conclusion and future remarks emphasize the need for further research to minimize the toxicity of NPs in the bio-medicinal field. In this review article, the multifunctional roles of Au/Ag/Pd NPs in the field of medical science, the physicochemical toxicity dependent properties, and the interaction mechanism is highlighted. The fascinating characteristic properties of NPs-such as high surface area, high surface Plasmon resonance, multi-functionalization, highly stable nature, and easy processing-make them more prolific for nanotechnology. The treatment of cancer is the most significant application of nanotechnology which is based on premature tumor detection and analysis of cancer cells through Nano-devices. NPs are considered a powerful and advanced chemical tool to diagnose and to cure critical ailments such as HIV, cancer, and other types of infectious illnesses. In the world of nanotechnology, noble elements such as the gold/silver/palladium (Au/Ag/Pd) NPs are the most promising emerging trend to design bioengineering materials that could to be employed as modern diagnostic tools and devices to combat serious diseases. Herein, the role of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical analysis and the treatment of critical deceases been highlighted. 3Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology Mirpur, Mirpur, Pakistan.2School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. ![]()
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